Study on dependence of
tungsten primary crack on pulse width time under transient heat flow

doi:10.16568/j.0254-6086.202402012

Abstract

Abstract: In order to study the dependence of the crack behavior of tungsten under transient heat flow on the time distribution of heat source parameters, the pure tungsten samples have been irradiated by transient heat flow with pulse width t of 80ns, 1ms, 5ms at different energy densities E and pulse numbers. Two types of cracks on the tungsten surface were observed, including primary and secondary cracks. The primary cracks can be assorted as branch and network ones according to their patterns. By analyzing the characteristic quantities of primary cracks, it was found that when the surface temperature rise caused by thermal pulses with different pulse widths is similar, the shorter the pulse width, the higher the density of primary cracks. Considering the ductile-to-brittle transition property of W, an ideal elasto-plastic mechanics model is adopted in the thermodynamic finite element model, which is used to calculate the distribution and evolution of surface temperature and stress on tungsten under heat pulse irradiation with three kinds of pulse width. It is found that the differences of strain rate magnitude caused by the changes of pulse width can reflect the mechanical properties of materials. The shorter the pulse width, the stronger the brittleness of the material, leading to changes in the characteristics of primary cracks. Combining experimental and computational results, Et^‒3/2 is proposed to characterize the relative size of primary crack network density under thermal pulse irradiation with pulse width ranging from 100 ns to several ms.

Key words: Tungsten, Transient heat flow, Primary crack density, Pulse width time, Finite element analysis

摘要： 为了研究钨在瞬态热流下的开裂行为对热源参数时间分布的依赖关系，采用了三种脉宽t(80ns、1ms、5ms)的瞬态热流，在不同能量密度E不同脉冲次数下辐照纯钨样品，在钨表面观察到初级和次级两种裂纹。初级裂纹呈现枝状和网状两种形态。通过分析初级裂纹特征量发现，不同脉宽的热脉冲导致的表面温升相近时，脉宽越短而初级裂纹密度越大。考虑钨的韧脆转变特性，建立了基于理想弹塑性力学模型的热力学有限元计算模型，用该模型计算了钨在三种脉宽的热脉冲辐照下表层温度与应力的分布及演化。分析发现脉宽变化引起的应变率量级差异，将反映到材料的力学性能上，使得脉宽越短而材料脆性越强，从而引起初级裂纹特征的变化。结合实验与计算结果，提出了用Et^‒3/2衡量在脉宽百ns量级到ms量级的热脉冲辐照下初级裂纹网密度的相对大小。

关键词: 钨, 瞬态热流, 初级裂纹密度, 脉宽时间, 有限元分析

CLC Number:

TL62⁺6

QU Miao, YAN Sha. Study on dependence of tungsten primary crack on pulse width time under transient heat flow[J]. Nuclear Fusion and Plasma Physics, 2024, 44(2): 206-213.

屈苗, 颜莎. 瞬态热流下钨初级裂纹对脉宽时间的依赖性研究[J]. 核工业西南物理研究院, 2024, 44(2): 206-213.

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Study on dependence of tungsten primary crack on pulse width time under transient heat flow

瞬态热流下钨初级裂纹对脉宽时间的依赖性研究

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