Table of Content

15 December 2021, Volume 41 Issue 4

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Plasma Physics

Development of magnetic probes on HL-2M tokamak 

ZHANG Jun-zhao, JI Xiao-quan, SUN Teng-fei, LIANG Shao-yong, WANG Ao, WANG Jin, LI Jia-xian, LIU Jian, YANG Qing-wei

2021, 41(4):  585-590.  DOI: 10.16568/j.0254-6086.202104001

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The development of magnetic probes on the HL-2M tokamak, including the design, fabrication, 
calibration and installation, is introduced. By improving the machining precision, the calibration precision of 
effective area and the positioning and installation precision, the measuring precision of magnetic probe system is 
satisfactory. At present, two sets of poloidal arrays have been successfully installed on HL-2M tokamak. 


Numerical study on pulse modulated RF argon discharge at atmospheric pressure

LI Shuai-xing, WANG Yi-nan, WANG Li

2021, 41(4):  591-597.  DOI: 10.16568/j.0254-6086.202104002

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Based on plasma fluid theory, a one-dimensional fluid model of atmospheric pressure pulse 
modulated radio frequency (RF) argon discharge is established. The effects of discharge parameters (discharge 
gap, radio frequency) on argon discharge characteristics are studied by numerical simulation. The results show 
that the plasma density increases first and then drops as the electrode gap increases when the applied voltage is 
fixed, and it has an optimal value. As the electrode gap keeps increasing, the discharge current density and input 
power density increase, and the electron temperature decreases in the sheath region while it increases in the 
plasma region during the early time of the pulse while the electrode gap has little effect on electron temperature 
during the later time of the pulse. The maximum electron density decreases with electrode gap increase at the 
different frequency, and it has an optimal value. 


Studies on the ion energy distribution of radio-frequency discharges 

XING Hai-long, , JIN Wei, LIANG Chuan-hui, DAI Bo, REN Yong, MAO Xin-chun, WANG Dong-ping, WANG Xiao-ying, CHEN Chan-gan

2021, 41(4):  598-602.  DOI: 10.16568/j.0254-6086.202104003

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Using a diagnostic system with a spectrometer, ion energy distributions and ion concentration 
evolutions of argon, nitrogen and nitrogen-deuterium plasmas induced by radio frequency were studied at 
different inlet flow rates. It is found that the plasma ion energy distribution has a multi-energy-peak structure, 
peak values and ion flux in argon and nitrogen plasmas with fixed discharge power decrease with the increase of 
gas flow rate. Peak energy of ND₄⁺ in nitrogen-deuterium plasma initially decreases and then increases while the 
ion flux increases first and then falls down as the increment of extra supplement of deuterium. 


Nuclear Fusion Engineering and Technology

Modeling and simulation based on double closed loop vector control of 300MVA motor generator

HE Jin-cheng, LI Hua-jun, WANG Hai-bing

2021, 41(4):  603-609.  DOI: 10.16568/j.0254-6086.202104004

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The entire operating parameters of the 300MVA motor generator were equivalently calculated 
using the existing test data and nameplate data and its equivalent model was established by analyzing its 
mechanical structures and electrical characteristics. Based on Simulink, the vector control model of high power 
induction motor with double closed loop was established and simulated, the quality of current and torque 
waveform can be improved by adjusting the Proportional-Integral parameters of speed ring and current ring. The 
simulation results show that the system has good dynamic and static performance and can meet the requirements 
of starting and running of the motor generator.


Numerical modeling on helium flow characteristics in tritium breeder pebble bed 

CHENG Hao, FAN Li, ZHOU Bing, GONG Bao-ping, WANG Xiao-yu, FENG Yong-jin

2021, 41(4):  610-616.  DOI: 10.16568/j.0254-6086.202104005

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Based on the computational fluid dynamics simulation, the flow characteristics of helium gas 
in the pebble bed were preliminary investigated. The effect of the channel length of pebble bed and the 
channel cross section of the pebble bed on the pressure drop of purge gas was analyzed in detail. In addition, 
the pressure drop and Loss Coefficient of pebble beds with different packing structure at different flow rates 
were obtained. 


Multi-physics simulation of tritium transport for CFETR HCCB blanket 

WANG Jun, LI Ru-yan, WANG Xiao-yu, ZHANG Long, WU Xing-hua

2021, 41(4):  617-622.  DOI: 10.16568/j.0254-6086.202104006

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The multi-physics field analysis of blanket heat, flow and tritium transport for the outboard 
midplane Helium Coolant Ceramic Breeder (HCCB) blanket module of China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor 
(CFETR) is carried out, the tritium concentration profile and tritium inventory in blanket module, and the tritium 
permeation loss are obtained. Moreover, the simulation result shows that there is no purge gas stagnation in pebble 
beds, which may cause tritium detention, and the design of purge gas flow is rather reasonable. At the same time, 
a parameter sensitivity analysis of doped hydrogen concentration in inlet purge gas is carried out. The analysis 
shows that hydrogen concentration in purge gas reduces the tritium concentration on material surface, thereby the 
gradient of tritium concentration in structure material is flattened and tritium permeation is suppressed. When the 
inlet hydrogen concentration increased from 1ppm to 1000ppm, the amount of tritium permeation is reduced about 
20 times. 


Structure design and analysis of feeder in CFETR toroidal field coil 

LI Ren-jie, WEI Hui-xiang, LI Cheng, XU Zhuang, WANG Wen-shan, WANG Liang, BI Feng

2021, 41(4):  623-627.  DOI: 10.16568/j.0254-6086.202104007

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The in-cryostat feeder of the China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) toroidal field (TF) 
coil, which consists of the outer box, universal joint, superconducting bus bar, cooling pipe and inner support 
frame, is introduced. Under working conditions of the feeder, the feeder structure is designed, and stress and 
displacement distributions of the feeder are obtained using the finite element analysis. The results show that the 
maximum stress and the maximum displacement meet the design requirements. 


Conceptual design of negative ion based beam source for CFETR neutral beam injector

XIE Ya-hong, , HU Chun-dong, , WEI Jiang-long, GU Yu-ming, WANG Qi, , LIANG Li-zhen, , JIANG Cai-chao, XU Yong-jian, , XIE Yuan-lai, , ZHAO Yuan-zhe

2021, 41(4):  628-634.  DOI: 10.16568/j.0254-6086.202104008

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According to requirements of a neutral beam injector (NBI) system on China Fusion Engineering 
Test Reactor (CFETR), the beam source for CFETR NBI system was designed. The overall concept design and 
parameters were proposed. The designs of the large area plasma generator and the negative accelerator were 
accomplished. 


Optimization design and manufacture of cooling system for ITER PF6 magnet support 

WEI Hai-hong, LI Peng-yuan, ZHANG Teng, XU Dan, XU Wan-yun, SUN Zhen-chao, LUO rong-rong

2021, 41(4):  635-641.  DOI: 10.16568/j.0254-6086.202104009

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A deep hole drilling direct cooling scheme is proposed to optimize the design of the ITER poloidal 
field PF6 magnet support cooling system. The finite element analysis method is used to optimize the number and 
diameter of flow channels in terms of heat transfer efficiency, fluid pressure drop, and structural strength. The 
results show that 9 cooling channels with 10mm diameter can achieve best cooling effect. At the same time, the 
mechanical strength and temperature distribution of the supporting components, and the operating states of the 
fluid under service environments can meet the design requirements of the ITER magnet support. At present, all 
PF6 magnet supports have been manufactured and inspected, and successfully delivered to the ITER organization. 


A remote collaboration system oriented to the integrated simulation platform

ZHANG Xin, LI Yong-ge, PAN Wei, LI Jia-xian, ZHENG Guo-yao

2021, 41(4):  642-647.  DOI: 10.16568/j.0254-6086.202104010

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Based on the Web technology, adopting the system architecture of three-layer model, and using 
AJAX, SQLite, Openlava and Python to solve the key technologies of data asynchronous transmission, job result 
reuse, multi-user job management and visualization, a remote collaboration system oriented to the integrated 
simulation platform, SICOS, is developed. Through the Web browser, participators can run the plasma program of 
IMAS framework on the HPC cluster at the same time, realizing the functions of integrated operation of the 
program and remote analysis, data sharing and visual display of the running results with SICOS. By integrating 
EFIT at first, the equilibrium configuration reconstruction of HL-2A experiment and the desired equilibrium 
configurations of HL-2M are achieved, which confirms the effectiveness of the system and lays a technical 
foundation for the integration of other subsequent programs. 


Design and research of a generic framework for fusion device global monitoring integration

WU Hao, XIA Fan, PAN Wei, MA Rui, SUN Jiang

2021, 41(4):  648-655.  DOI: 10.16568/j.0254-6086.202104011

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In order to simplify the deployment and usage of EPICS on HL-2M tokamak, a generic software 
framework for global monitoring integration of fusion devices was designed based on Web technology. The main 
body of the software framework includes the following three parts: the underlying infrastructure based on EPICS 
IOC, the data archiving server based on EPICS Archiver Appliance and Web applications program. With this 
framework, the infrastructure for global monitoring integration can be quickly deployed on subsystems of a fusion 
device, and the configuration and management can be performed through Web pages in a unified manner. The 
software framework has been successfully tested on several subsystems of HL-2A tokamak, and is able to meet 
the basic needs of current global monitoring integration. 


Optimization and parameter extraction of IGCT electrical model 

ZENG Si-zhe, HUANG Lian-sheng, , CHEN Xiao-jiao, HE Shi-ying, CHEN Tao,

2021, 41(4):  656-663.  DOI: 10.16568/j.0254-6086.202104012

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An improved electrical model of the Integrated gate-Commutated Thyristor (IGCT) was 
established on the basis of the 2T-3R-C electrical model to solve the oscillation problem that the turn-off voltage 
of the model was inconsistent with the measured waveform, and a set of parameter extraction methods suitable for 
the improved electrical model was proposed. The simulation results of dynamic characteristics of the model were 
compared with the experimental results of 4kA/4.5kV and 3.5kA/4.5kV at the same voltage level and different 
current levels, as well as the simulation results of the existing 2T-3R-C model. The accuracy, applicability and 
superiority of the improved electrical model are verified. 


Non-Fusion Plasma Applications

Study on ionic wind over paraffin surface 

ZHANG Yu-tao, ZHAO Ming-wei, GUO Ying, CHAI Yi-feng

2021, 41(4):  664-668.  DOI: 10.16568/j.0254-6086.202104013

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The characteristics of ionic wind induced by 50Hz AC corona discharge in atmosphere were 
investigated. The experimental results indicated that AC corona ionic wind induced obvious deformation of liquid 
paraffin and the funnel-shaped deformation evolved into a basin-like one with the increase of voltage. The 
maximum deformation was obtained when the paraffin layer thickness was 5mm, and depth was 5.3mm, the 
maximum active area radius was 18.8mm, and the pressure reached 48.9Pa, all beyond DC pin-water corona 
discharge. The deformation still remained when corona discharge transited to streamer one, which was different 
from DC one. The results indicate that AC corona discharge has a huge potential to drive liquid than DC one.