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    15 September 2018, Volume 38 Issue 3
    Plasma Physics
    Analysis of the effect of rotation and effective charge number on the neutron emission in EAST with neutral beam injection heating
    CHEN Yu-qing, HU Chun-dong, WU Bin, ZHONG Guo-qiang, XIE Ya-hong, WANG Jin-fang, LI Jun, WANG Ji, YANG Zhen, LIU Cheng-Yue
    2018, 2(3):  249-253.  DOI: 10.16568/j.0254-6086.201803001
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    In order to estimate the neutral beam injection heating effect and study the impact of the plasma rotation and the effective charge number Zeff on neutron emission, the simulation code TRASNP is adopted, combined the experiment data. The relations between the neutron emission and the plasma stored energy, plasma rotation speed and the effective charge Zeff are investigated in EAST with neutral beam injection heating. The simulated results show that the plasma will produce larger rotation when the neutral beam is injected with energy 65keV and injected power 3MW. The rotation can reduce fast ion thermalized time and decrease the neutron production. The pitch angle scattering of fast ion is enhanced, the beam-target reaction decreases, and the neutron production reduces when the effective charge number Zeff increases. The results also indicate that the neutron emission rate increases with the increase of plasma stored energy.

    Tritium transport simulation of magneto-hydrodynamic LiPb flow in rectangular ducts
    WANG Jun, ZHANG Guo-shu, ZHANG Long, WANG Xiao-yu
    2018, 2(3):  254-259.  DOI: 10.16568/j.0254-6086.201803002
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    Based on the COMSOL multiphysics software, a three dimensional simulation, coupling magnetic field, fluent and tritium profile fields, is carried out. In this simulation, a rectangle channel lithium lead flow is adopted to study the tritium dynamic of liquid lead lithium in a strong magnetic field. It shows that a strong jet flow appears near the conducting walls which are parallel to the magnetic field, the flows in core and near Hartmann wall remain stagnant. Therefore, the conduction effect of jet flow produces a rather lower tritium concentration near the conducting wall and a higher tritium concentration near Hartmann wall and in the core due to flow stagnancy. Hence, an asymmetrical volumetric tritium distribution is resulted.

    Interactions of flowing liquid lithium and argon plasma on liquid lithium comprehensive experimental platform
    CAO Xiao-gang, WEI Qiang-lin, HAN Lei, MA Xiao-chun, ZHANG Zhi-yan, WEI Jian-jun, GOU Fu-jun
    2018, 2(3):  260-268.  DOI: 10.16568/j.0254-6086.201803003
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    Liquid lithium comprehensive experimental platform is introduced. The experimental platform is mainly consisted of lithium loop, linear plasma device, purification system and corrosion system. It is used to study the interactions of liquid lithium and plasmas, the compatibility of liquid lithium and structural material, purification of liquid lithium and measurement of the thermal-hydraulics parameters in liquid lithium loop and other key problems of science and technology. The experimental results show that lithium evaporation rate has a positive relationship with discharge current, argon flow rate and magnetic field strength, respectively. The axial distribution of lithium vapor produced by flowing liquid lithium has no regularity, but the radial distribution of lithium vapor is closed to Gauss Distribution. The flowing liquid lithium rate first increases with experimental time, and then tends to be stable. The mobility of liquid lithium is suppressed by magnetic field. A Lithium oxide film is produced under the long-term action of magnetic field and plasma.

    A study for the divergence of forward fast-electron-beam produced by a femtosecond laser pulse on a solid target
    CAI Da-feng, WANG Jian, GU Yu-qiu, ZHENG Zhi-jian
    2018, 2(3):  269-274.  DOI: 10.16568/j.0254-6086.201803004
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    In order to investigate the divergence of forward fast-electron-beam, the divergence angle of fast-electron-beam produced in the interaction of femtosecond laser with Cu target has been measured by using an angular distribution instrument adding the lithium fluoride (LiF) thermo-luminescent dosimeters. The results show that the divergence angle of forward fast-electron-beam is above 95° (Full width at half maximum, FWHM) level. The theoretic calculation show that the muzzle velocity of electrons from pre-plasma and the collision effect generated by the transmission of fast electrons through a target are not mostly factor. A larger divergence angle of the forward fast-electron-beam is attributed to the electromagnetic field. This investigation is helpful to select the laser and the target parameter for getting a fast electron beam with small divergence angle.

    Upgrade and first experimental results of high temporal and spatial resolution poloidal X-ray crystal spectrometer in EAST
    HU Rui-ji1, 2, CHEN Jun1, 2, WANG Fu-di2, Lü Bo2, ZHANG Hong-ming2, LI Ying-ying2, FU Jia2, SHI Yue-jiang1, 3, WAN Bao-nian1, 2, YE Min-you1
    2018, 2(3):  275-280.  DOI: 10.16568/j.0254-6086.201803005
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    To increase the area of measurement, improve the temporal-spatial resolution, and enhance the stability of long time operation, poloidal X-ray crystal spectrometer (PXCS) has been upgraded in EAST. A new larger pixelated two-dimensional detector was used in poloidal system. With spatial calibration, more area of plasma can be measured. Water cooling system was deployed to keep the detector within working temperature in vacuum environment. EAST experimental results showed that high signal-noise ratio He-like argon ions spectra were successfully obtained by upgraded PXCS system. Argon ions temperature calculated by PXCS showed good agreement with results from toroidal X-ray crystal spectrometer (TXCS) for both temporal evolution and profiles. Also PXCS system has been proved to have capability to work consistently and steadily in long-pulse discharges. Upgrade of PXCS on EAST was successful. Results in EAST campaign validated the stability and reliability of the new PXCS system.

    Nuclear Fusion Engineering and Technology
    Simulation and analysis of magnetic field configuration and extraction structure of the test experimental negative ion source for HL-2M
    LUO Huai-yu, CAO Jian-yong, GENG Shao-fei, WEI Hui-ling, LIU He
    2018, 2(3):  281-286.  DOI: 10.16568/j.0254-6086.201803006
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    CST EM studio and particle studio are used to simulate the cusp magnetic field, magnetic filter field, deflection magnetic field, and beam optics. The optimum magnetic configuration parameters have been determined by scanning surface magnetic fields of cusp magnets, filter magnets and deflection magnets: 4kG on 6 laps of cusp magnets around the ion source, 5.5kG on permanent filter magnets, and 2.5kG on deflection magnets. The performance of beam optics meets the requirements for neutral beam injection with 5~20kV extraction voltages and 50~160kV acceleration voltages.

    Thermal load analysis for cryopump of HL-2M tokamak in pumping condition
    CHA Fang-zheng, LI Yong, LI Qiang, QIU Yin, LU Yong
    2018, 2(3):  287-292.  DOI: 10.16568/j.0254-6086.201803007
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    Using the method of theoretical calculation and finite element model in ANSYS code, the studies of temperature distribution and the heat load of the liquid helium tube for the cryopump and the connecting feed through were performed. The results show that the steady heat load of the liquid helium tube is 5.45W; particle deposition heat load is 75.68W, and 5.04W in the feed through. These results could be the reference for thermal stress analysis, cryopump flow velocity control and cryo system designing later.

    Simulation of evolution of dose of rotary target in a deuterium-tritium neutron source
    GAO Hui, SHEN Yao-song
    2018, 2(3):  293-298.  DOI: 10.16568/j.0254-6086.201803008
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    An approach coupling Monte Carlo automatic modeling (MCAM), Monte Carlo particle transport calculation code MCNP with the self-developed activation code BURNDOT was developed to integrate the functions of neutron transport, activation of materials and decay gamma transport. The approach was applied to the evolutions of the dose of 14MeV deuterium-tritium (D-T) rotary target chamber. Not only the distributions of three dimensional dose field induced by prompt neutron, γ-ray during the radiation and delayed γ dose variations after a continuous neutron radiation operation over 8 hours were obtained, but also influence of structural materials, cells and nuclide on impact delayed γ dose at varied time after the irradiation was analyzed in detail. The spatial and temporal evolutions of dose of rotary target chamber were obtained, and compared with calculation results of the European activation code FISPACT-2007.

    Thermal conduction calculation and analysis of artificial defect mock-up for ITER shield blanket first wall
    KANG Wei-shan, CHEN Ji-ming, WU Ji-hong, YUAN Tao, WANG Ping-huai
    2018, 2(3):  299-304.  DOI: 10.16568/j.0254-6086.201803009
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    Three mock-ups were designed to study the impacts of defects on the temperature distribution of the mock-ups by finite element method, two of them with different dimension, shape and location artificial defects at the interface of beryllium titles and copper alloy, and the other without defect. Firstly the thermal analysis of mock-up without defect was performed, and the valid locations of defects were identified, then, the temperature distribution of mock-ups with different dimension, shape and location of artificial defects was calculated. The parameters from the heat conduction equation were studied individually, and main factors of defects impacting on the temperature of beryllium title and interface of beryllium/copper alloy were concluded by comparison.

    Development of plasma-sprayed alumina coating for ITER correction coil support shear pin
    LUO Rong-rong, LI Peng-yuan, CHEN Hui, SUN Zhen-chao, DENG Chun-ming
    2018, 2(3):  305-308.  DOI: 10.16568/j.0254-6086.201803010
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    Shear pin coated with plasma-sprayed alumina for low-voltage electrical insulation, used in the correction coil support (CCS) to prevent from eddy current loops between toroidal field coils (TFC), is reported. The stress analyses of shear pins were performed using ANSYS according to the practical working environment. The characteristics of coating of 316L stainless steel at liquid nitrogen temperature were investigated. After 5000, 10000 and 30000 times’ rolling with radial loading, the electrical resistance test indicated that the surface resistivity and volume resistivity is more than 109Ω•m-2 and 1010Ω•m respectively. And the coating is free from cracks, flakes and debonding, qualified and can be utilized for the CCS of ITER.

    Development of correlation electron cyclotron emission system on J-TEXT
    ZHOU Hao, YANG Zhou-jun, ZHANG Chi, RUAN Bo-wen, PAN Xiao-ming
    2018, 2(3):  309-314.  DOI: 10.16568/j.0254-6086.201803011
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    To study anomalous transport, a correlation electron cyclotron emission (CECE) system has been developed on J-TEXT for electron temperature fluctuations measurement. The spectral decorrelation method is employed for the CECE system. Frequency selection is performed by eight narrow band filters, two of them are fixed frequency band-pass filters with bandwidth of 100 MHz, and the others are yttrium iron garnet (YIG) filters with bandwidth of 100~240MHz. The YIG filters with center frequency adjustable make the CECE system more flexible. Optical optimization of the transmission line is used to achieve a poloidal resolution up to 2.5cm-1. The experimental results show good performance of the system. Cross-correlation analysis on the two adjacent channel separated by 200MHz can eliminate the influence of the thermal noise and obtain the electron temperature fluctuations, moreover, the electron temperature fluctuations near the core of plasma less than that near the edge of the plasma is observed.

    Design and analysis of advanced superconducting conductor test facility
    NAI Xiao-qiang, LI Peng-yuan, WEI Hai-hong, SUN Lin-yu, ZUO Jia-xin
    2018, 2(3):  315-322.  DOI: 10.16568/j.0254-6086.201803012
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    In order to test the performance of large superconducting conductors sample for fusion engineering, a set of advanced superconducting conductor test facility, a magnet system, producing a back ground magnetic field of 13T with the bore of 0.6m, was designed. The magnet system consists of 6 layers of 12 split superconducting coils which have a structure of conventional solenoids wound by superconducting material of NbTi, Nb3Sn and YBCO, from outside to inside, respectively. The maximum of 13.22T background magnetic field is produced in the range of 500mm of the test area, and the homogeneity is no less than 95%. The main design parameters of the magnet coils are introduced in detail, the electromagnetic and the structural analysis is completed with the software based on finite element method, which indicates that the design is reasonable and reliable and meets the requirements of the conductor testing facility.

    Structural design and simulation analysis of support structures for remote handling requirements of CFETR divertor module
    DAI Huai-chu, YAO Da-mao
    2018, 2(3):  323-328.  DOI: 10.16568/j.0254-6086.201803013
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    According to the remote handling (RH) requirements, the design of the inner and outer supports suitable for the remote handling of CFETR divertor module is studied, and the rack and pinion scheme is put forward: the inner support is spherical structure and the outer support is the rack and pinion structure. The designed supports for RH are simulated in the virtual environment to validate feasibility during installation process. The result shows that the rack and pinion scheme can meet the requirements for remote handling of the CFETR divertor module, which can be fixed completely in the vacuum under the action of the supports.

    Structural design and analysis of a molten-salt-cooled divertor target for fusion reactor
    CHANG Xiao-bo1,SONG Yun-tao2,PENG Xue-bing2,MAO Xin2
    2018, 2(3):  329-333.  DOI: 10.16568/j.0254-6086.201803014
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    In order to design a divertor with resistance to neutron irradiation, achieve a high heat transfer capacity and improve the efficiency of fusion plant, a molten-salt-cooled (MSC) divertor target is proposed. The MSC divertor target adopts FLiNaK as the coolant, and tungsten alloy as heat sink material, and tungsten as first wall material. The heat transfer capacity was evaluated with numerical calculation, and the cooling system of divertor was designed to optimize flux distribution among different modules. The MSC divertor target design can effectively withstand a steady heat flux of 10~15MW•m-2, and will provide a design solution of the development need of a divertor target in further fusion reactor.

    Residual stress analysis of fusion reactor vacuum vessel shells
    TANG Le, RAN Hong, HOU Ji-lai, HUANG Yun-cong, CAO Zeng, SONG Bin-bin
    2018, 2(3):  334-338.  DOI: 10.16568/j.0254-6086.201803015
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    In order to study the distribution of residual stress on cold pressing surface and hot pressing surface and the effect of annealing on the distribution of residual stress of the vacuum vessel shells’ surface of CFETR, the residual stress on 316LN cold pressing surface and 316LN hot pressing surface is studied with simulation analysis and experimental testing. The residual stress distributions of cold pressing surface and hot pressing surface and the effect of annealing on the distribution of residual stress are obtained. The result will provide data support for moulding process, and is important to study the forming of the vacuum vessel of CFETR.

    Thermal analysis for gas containing tritium in tritium breeding blanket of the test blanket module
    ZHOU Bing, FENG Yong-jin, WANG Xiao-yu, WU Xin-hua
    2018, 2(3):  339-343.  DOI: 10.16568/j.0254-6086.201803016
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    The process of the purge gas (helium) heated by the lithium silicon oxide (Li4SiO4) pebbles in the tritium breeding blanket is described. The theoretical calculation and three-dimensional numerical simulation of temperature rise have been carried out, based on the test blanket module (TBM) design detail. The results show that the temperature of the purge gas rises from 20℃ to 500℃ rapidly. So, it is no need to design the equipment to heat purge gas in the design optimization of tritium recovery system.

    Preliminary study on the performance of hot isostatic pressing diffusion welding joint for low activation martensitic (CLF-1) steel
    HU Zhi-qiang, ZHAO Feng-chao, ZHAO Zhou, LIAO Hong-bing, WU Xin-hua, WANG Xiao-yu, FENG Kai-ming
    2018, 2(3):  344-349.  DOI: 10.16568/j.0254-6086.201803017
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    The performance of hot isotopic pressing (HIP) welded joint for low activation martensitic (CLF-1) steel was studied preliminarily. The welded joint organization was keeping tempered martensite after heat treatment at 980℃/1h/air cooling+ 740℃/2h/air cooling. The room temperature tensile properties of welded joint were similar as the base metal, the dimpled fracture and the secondary particles were produced, which was plastic fracture and cracked at welded joint. The room temperature impact energy of welded joints was 26.2% of base metal. Preliminarily results indicated that the non-uniformity of HIP interface diffusion layer, sensitivity enhancement of welded joint crack, impact work reduction and some instabilities would be resulted from the incomplete matrix atoms diffusion due to the undesirable surface processing state, harmful surface contaminants, surface cleaning condition, oxide film etc.

    Development of EAST hinged arm vacuum storage cabin CASK system
    WEI Kun, WANG Kai-song, SHI Shan-shuang, PENG Xin-yu, CHEN Hong-yu
    2018, 2(3):  350-356.  DOI: 10.16568/j.0254-6086.201803018
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    This paper mainly introduces the general description and implementation of EAST articulated maintenance arm (EAMA) robot vacuum chamber system design. The EAST hinge arm is an accessory tool for close observation and quick maintenance of the inside of the first wall without damaging the EAST internal vacuum. Taking into account the storage, support and working conditions of the EAST hinged robotic arm, it is necessary to design and manufacture a sealed vacuum chamber system. The system can be connected to the EAST main body via a vacuum connection end mouth with a diameter of 250 mm under vacuum condition. The system design is divided into three parts: the vacuum storage cabin CASK cavity, the vacuum system and the baking system.

    Development of upgraded controller for EAST fast control power supply
    HUANG Hai-hong, YU Jia, WANG Hai-xin, BI Nan-xia
    2018, 2(3):  357-361.  DOI: 10.16568/j.0254-6086.201803019
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    To meet the demand for shortening the response time of EAST fast control power supply, TMS320F28335 is used to replace TMS320F2812 as control chip for fast control power supply branch controller. The carrier phase shift of output PWM (pulse width modulation) waveforms is realized to improve the system equivalent switch frequency, which can reduce the output voltage response delay time of power supply. The experimental results show that upgraded controller has achieved the desired target, which is helpful to enhance the ability of EAST devices to suppress the vertical displacement instability of the plasma.

    Study on the difference of mechanical properties of rolled CLF-1 steel plate manufactured by industry
    YANG Guo-ping, LIAO Hong-bin, FENG Yong-jin, WANG Xiao-yu, FENG Kai-ming
    2018, 2(3):  362-367.  DOI: 10.16568/j.0254-6086.201803020
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    The difference of mechanical properties of rolled CLF-1 steel plate was investigated by the means of chemical analysis, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and so on. The results showed that the content of major chemical elements of two types of rolled plates were little different and accorded with specification. The grain size of 10mm rolled plate was smaller than 35mm rolled plate. The martensite laths width and volume fraction of precipitates of two plates were 200~350nm, 2.56%, 600~800nm, 1.98%, respectively. Thus, the differences of the primary austenite grain size, martensite laths width, volume fraction and size of precipitates between two kinds of rolled plates are the main reason which induces the variation of plates’ mechanical properties. These differences could be caused by forging and hot rolling deformation and the heat treatment parameters. Therefore, the total deformation of forging and rolling of different thickness plates should be equaled, and the parameters of heat treatment should be strictly controlled during fabricating the industrial production of CLF-1 steel plates.

    Non-Fusion Plasma Applications
    Study on deposition of DLC coating by the multi-cavity coupling microwave surface-wave PECVD technique
    ZHAO Man-man, SANG Li-jun, ZHOU Mei-li, YANG Li-zhen, LIU Zhong-wei, CHEN Qiang
    2018, 2(3):  368-372.  DOI: 10.16568/j.0254-6086.201803021
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    The diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating is deposited by a multi-cavity coupling microwave surface-wave device based on plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technique. The optical emission spectrum (OES) is measured to assess the simultaneous discharge parameters in Ar plasma and the discharge uniformity in all four chambers. The surface profilometer is used to measure the coating thickness. The atomic force microscope (AFM), laser Raman spectrum and X-ray diffraction spectrum (XPS) are utilized to characterise the morphology and composition of coatings. The barrier property of DLC coating is detected by the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) measurement after 12.5μm PET surface coated by DLC with certain thickness. The results show that the multi-cavity coupling microwave surface wave plasma device can achieve a relativity uniform discharge in all four cavities, as well as uniform discharge along the antenna in single cavity. The DLC coatings demonstrate a dense and uniform structure. The barrier property of PET is improved approximately 20 times.